AWS-Certified-DevOps-Engineer-Professional Exam
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Q11. What does it mean if you have zero IOPS and a non-empty I/O queue for all EBS volumes attached to a running EC2 instance?
A. The I/O queue is buffer flushing.
B. Your EBS disk head(s) is/are seeking magnetic stripes.
C. The EBS volume is unavailable.
D. You need to re-mount the EBS volume in the OS.
Answer: C
Explanation:
This is the definition of Unavailable from the EC2 and EBS SLA.
"UnavaiIabIe" and "Unavai|abi|ity" mean... For Amazon EBS, when all of your attached volumes perform zero read write IO, with pending IO in the queue.
Reference: https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/s|a/
Q12. Your CTO has asked you to make sure that you know what all users of your AWS account are doing to change resources at all times. She wants a report of who is doing what over time, reported to her once per week, for as broad a resource type group as possible. How should you do this?
A. Create a global AWS CIoudTraiI Trail. Configure a script to aggregate the log data delivered to S3 once per week and deliver this to the CTO.
B. Use CIoudWatch Events Rules with an SNS topic subscribed to all AWS API calls. Subscribe the CTO to an email type delivery on this SNS Topic.
C. Use AWS IAM credential reports to deliver a CSV of all uses of IAM User Tokens over time to the CTO.
D. Use AWS Config with an SNS subscription on a Lambda, and insert these changes over time into a DynamoDB table. Generate reports based on the contents of this table.
Answer: A
Explanation:
This is the ideal use case for AWS CIoudTraiI.
CloudTrai| provides visibility into user actMty by recording API calls made on your account. CIoudTraiI records important information about each API call, including the name of the API, the identity of the caller, the time of the API call, the request parameters, and the response elements returned by the AWS service. This information helps you to track changes made to your AWS resources and to troubleshoot operational issues. CIoudTraiI makes it easier to ensure compliance with internal policies and regulatory standards. Reference: https://aws.amazon.com/CloudtraiI/faqs/
Q13. Which of these techniques enables the fastest possible rollback times in the event of a failed deployment?
A. Rolling; Immutable
B. Rolling; Mutable
C. Canary or A/B
D. Blue-Green
Answer: D
Explanation:
AWS specifically recommends Blue-Green for super-fast, zero-downtime deploys - and thus rollbacks, which are redeploying old code.
You use various strategies to migrate the traffic from your current application stack (blue) to a new version of the application (green). This is a popular technique for deploying applications with zero downtime. Reference: https://d0.awsstatic.com/whitepapers/overview-of-deployment-options-on-aws.pdf
Q14. When thinking of AWS Elastic Beanstalk, the 'Swap Environment URLs' feature most directly aids in what?
A. Immutable Rolling Deployments
B. MutabIe Rolling Deployments
C. Canary Deployments
D. Blue-Green Deployments
Answer: D
Explanation:
Simply upload the new version of your application and let your deployment service (AWS Elastic Beanstalk, AWS CIoudFormation, or AWS OpsWorks) deploy a new version (green). To cut over to the new version, you simply replace the ELB URLs in your DNS records. Elastic Beanstalk has a Swap
Environment URLs feature to facilitate a simpler cutover process.
Reference: https://d0.awsstatic.com/whitepapers/overview-of-deployment-options-on-aws.pdf
Q15. How does Amazon RDS multi Availability Zone model work?
A. A second, standby database is deployed and maintained in a different availability zone from master, using synchronous replication.
B. A second, standby database is deployed and maintained in a different availability zone from master using asynchronous replication.
C. A second, standby database is deployed and maintained in a different region from master using asynchronous replication.
D. A second, standby database is deployed and maintained in a different region from master using synchronous replication.
Answer: A
Explanation:
In a MuIti-AZ deployment, Amazon RDS automatically provisions and maintains a synchronous standby replica in a different Availability Zone.
Reference: http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/Concepts.Mu|tiAZ.htmI
Q16. You run a clustered NoSQL database on AWS EC2 using AWS EBS. You need to reduce latency for database response times. Performance is the most important concern, not availability. You did not perform the initial setup, someone without much AWS knowledge did, so you are not sure if they configured everything optimally. Which of the following is NOT likely to be an issue contributing to increased latency?
A. The EC2 instances are not EBS Optimized.
B. The database and requesting system are both in the wrong Availability Zone.
C. The EBS Volumes are not using PIOPS.
D. The database is not running in a placement group.
Answer: B
Explanation:
For the highest possible performance, all instances in a clustered database like this one should be in a single Availability Zone in a placement group, using EBS optimized instances, and using PIOPS SSD EBS Volumes. The particular Availability Zone the system is running in should not be important, as long as it is the same as the requesting resources.
Reference: http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/placement-groups.html
Q17. You run accounting software in the AWS cloud. This software needs to be online continuously during the day every day of the week, and has a very static requirement for compute resources. You also have other, unrelated batch jobs that need to run once per day at any time of your choosing. How should you minimize cost?
A. Purchase a Heavy Utilization Reserved Instance to run the accounting software. Turn it off after hours. Run the batch jobs with the same instance class, so the Reserved Instance credits are also applied to the batch jobs.
B. Purchase a Medium Utilization Reserved Instance to run the accounting software. Turn it off after hours. Run the batch jobs with the same instance class, so the Reserved Instance credits are also applied to the batch jobs.
C. Purchase a Light Utilization Reserved Instance to run the accounting software. Turn it off after hours. Run the batch jobs with the same instance class, so the Reserved Instance credits are also applied to the batch jobs.
D. Purchase a Full Utilization Reserved Instance to run the accounting software. Turn it off after hours. Run the batch jobs with the same instance class, so the Reserved Instance credits are also applied to the batch jobs.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Because the instance will always be online during the day, in a predictable manner, and there are a sequence of batch jobs to perform at any time, we should run the batch jobs when the account software is off. We can achieve Heavy Utilization by alternating these times, so we should purchase the reservation as such, as this represents the lowest cost. There is no such thing a "FuII" level utilization purchases on EC2.
Reference: https://d0.awsstatic.com/whitepapers/Cost_Optimization_with_AWS.pdf
Q18. You are getting a lot of empty receive requests when using Amazon SQS. This is making a lot of unnecessary network load on your instances. What can you do to reduce this load?
A. Subscribe your queue to an SNS topic instead.
B. Use as long of a poll as possible, instead of short polls.
C. Alter your visibility timeout to be shorter.
D. Use <code>sqsd</code> on your EC2 instances.
Answer: B
Explanation:
One benefit of long polling with Amazon SQS is the reduction of the number of empty responses, when there are no messages available to return, in reply to a ReceiveMessage request sent to an Amazon SQS queue. Long polling allows the Amazon SQS service to wait until a message is available in the queue before sending a response.
Reference:
http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSSimpIeQueueService/latest/SQSDeveIoperGuide/sqs-long-polling.html
Q19. Which of these is not a CIoudFormation Helper Script?
A. cfn-signal
B. cfn-hup
C. cfn-request
D. cfn-get-metadata
Answer: C
Explanation:
This is the complete list of CloudFormation Helper Scripts: cfn-init, cfn-signal, cfn-get-metadata, cfn-hup Reference:
http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/cfn-helper-scripts-reference.html
Q20. Which of the following are not valid sources for OpsWorks custom cookbook repositories?
A. HTTP(S)
B. Git
C. AWS EBS
D. Subversion
Answer: C
Explanation:
Linux stacks can install custom cookbooks from any of the following repository types: HTTP or Amazon S3 archives. They can be either public or private, but Amazon S3 is typically the preferred option for a private archive. Git and Subversion repositories provide source control and the ability to have multiple versions.
Reference:
http://docs.aws.amazon.com/opsworks/latest/userguide/workingcookbook-instaIlingcustom-enable.html